On a general multi-layered hyperelastic plate theory of growth

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive multi-layered hyperelastic plate theory incorporating growth effects, deriving 2D equations from 3D models, and demonstrates its application in predicting growth-induced deformations, instabilities, and shape programming of soft structures.

Contribution

It introduces a novel multi-layered hyperelastic plate theory with a series expansion approach, enabling accurate analysis of growth behaviors and shape control in soft multi-layered plates.

Findings

Derived 2D plate equations from 3D models incorporating growth.

Provided analytical and numerical solutions for growth-induced deformations.

Established explicit shape-programming formulas for multi-layered plates.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a multi-layered hyperelastic plate theory of growth within the framework of nonlinear elasticity. First, the 3D governing system for a general multi-layered hyperelastic plate is established, which incorporates the growth effect, and the material and geometrical parameters of the different layers. Then, a series expansion-truncation approach is adopted to eliminate the thickness variables in the 3D governing system. An elaborate calculation scheme is applied to derive the iteration relations of the coefficient functions in the series expansions. Through some further manipulations, a 2D vector plate equation system with the associated boundary conditions is established, which only contains the unknowns in the bottom layer of the plate. To show the efficiency of the current plate theory, three typical examples regarding the growth-induced deformations and instabilities of multi-layered plate samples are studied. Some analytical and numerical solutions to the plate equation are obtained, which can provide accurate predictions on the growth behaviors of the plate samples. Furthermore, the problem of `shape-programming' of multi-layered hyperelastic plates through differential growth is studied. The explicit formulas of shape-programming for some typical multi-layered plates are derived, which involve the fundamental quantities of the 3D target shapes. By using these formulas, the shape evolutions of the plates during the growing processes can be controlled accurately. The results obtained in the current work are helpful for the design of intelligent soft devices with multi-layered plate structures.