Direct and Indirect Methods of Vortex Identification in Continuum limit

TL;DR

This paper explores how vortices and chains in the QCD vacuum can be identified in the continuum limit using gauge transformations, inspired by lattice gauge theory methods.

Contribution

It introduces a continuum formalism for vortex identification in QCD, extending lattice gauge techniques to the continuum setting.

Findings

Vortices and chains can be revealed in the continuum limit of QCD.

Gauge transformations play a key role in vortex detection.

The approach bridges lattice methods and continuum QCD analysis.

Abstract

Inspired by direct and indirect maximal center gauge methods which identify vortices in lattice calculations, and by using the connection formalism, we show that under some appropriate gauge transformations, vortices and chains appear in the continuum limit of QCD vacuum.