The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Cold-HI AT $z\approx1$ Survey

TL;DR

This study uses the upgraded GMRT to detect and analyze the HI 21 cm emission in over 11,000 star-forming galaxies at redshifts 0.74-1.45, revealing higher HI masses and shorter depletion timescales than local galaxies, shedding light on galaxy evolution during peak star formation epoch.

Contribution

First large-scale HI 21 cm emission survey at z≈1 using GMRT, providing new insights into HI content and star formation in galaxies during a key epoch.

Findings

Detected significant HI emission signal at 7.1σ

Found HI mass at z≈1 is about 3.5 times higher than local galaxies

Discovered HI depletion timescale is roughly 3 times shorter than in local universe

Abstract

We describe the design, data analysis, and basic results of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Cold-HI AT $z\approx1$ (GMRT-CAT$z$1) survey, a 510-hour upgraded GMRT HI 21 cm emission survey of galaxies at $z=0.74-1.45$ in the DEEP2 survey fields. The GMRT-CAT$z$1 survey is aimed at characterising HI in galaxies during and just after the epoch of peak star-formation activity in the Universe, a key epoch in galaxy evolution. We obtained high-quality HI 21 cm spectra for 11,419 blue star-forming galaxies at $z=0.74-1.45$, in seven pointings on the DEEP2 subfields. We detect the stacked HI 21 cm emission signal of the 11,419 star-forming galaxies, which have an average stellar mass of $M_* \approx 10^{10} M_\odot$, at $7.1\sigma$ statistical significance, obtaining an average HI mass of $\langle M_{HI}\rangle=(13.7\pm1.9)\times10^{9} M_\odot$. This is significantly higher than the average HI mass of $\langle M_{HI} \rangle=(3.96 \pm 0.17)\times10^{9} M_\odot$ in star-forming galaxies at $z \approx 0$ with an identical stellar-mass distribution. We stack the rest-frame 1.4 GHz continuum emission of our 11,419 galaxies to infer an average star-formation rate (SFR) of $8.07\pm0.82 M_\odot yr^{-1}$. Combining our average HI mass and average SFR estimates yields an HI depletion timescale of $1.70\pm0.29$ Gyr, for star-forming galaxies at $z\approx1$, $\approx3$ times lower than that of local galaxies. We thus find that, although main-sequence galaxies at $z\approx1$ have a high HI mass, their short HI depletion timescale is likely to cause quenching of their star-formation activity in the absence of rapid gas accretion from the circumgalactic medium.