Earth's Rotation Causes Global Atmospheric Circulation

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new mechanism for Earth's atmospheric circulation driven by non-hydrostatic pressure gradients caused by Earth's rotation, explaining meridional air movement and vertical flow separation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel circulation formation mechanism based on centripetal acceleration effects, not previously emphasized in atmospheric science.

Findings

Centripetal acceleration influences atmospheric pressure gradients.

The circulation pattern includes three vertically separated flows.

The mechanism explains meridional air movement due to Earth's rotation.

Abstract

Understanding processes that determine the global circulation of the atmosphere is necessary for long-term weather forecasting and climate studies which are critical for ensuring energy security. Processes in the atmosphere depend on many factors including the rotation of the Earth. The vertical component of the emerging centripetal acceleration is taken into account by introducing a geopotential height, and the influence of the horizontal component is usually not taken into account, although these components are close in magnitude. Here, I describe a mechanism of circulation formation due to a non-hydrostatic pressure gradient resulting from centripetal acceleration, which is created by the rotation of the Earth. The effect is similar to the curvature of a water surface in a rotating vessel. This causes the unevenly heated air to move in a meridional direction. The circulation consists of three oppositely directed flows separated vertically by the polar and tropical tropopause.