Deep Learning for Spin-Orbit Torque Characterizations with a Projected Vector Field Magnet

TL;DR

This paper introduces a deep learning-based approach to accurately calibrate and control a vector magnet for spin-orbit torque measurements, enabling precise characterization of magnetic heterostructures with perpendicular anisotropy.

Contribution

The study presents a novel deep learning model that captures nonlinear magnetic field behavior, improving the accuracy and convenience of spin-orbit torque characterization with a projected vector field magnet.

Findings

Deep learning models successfully predict magnetic field configurations.

The method achieves consistent spin-orbit torque efficiency measurements.

Validation shows comparable results to conventional electromagnet setups.

Abstract

Spin-orbit torque characterizations on magnetic heterostructures with perpendicular anisotropy are demonstrated on a projected vector field magnet via hysteresis loop shift measurement and harmonic Hall measurement with planar Hall correction. Accurate magnetic field calibration of the vector magnet is realized with the help of deep learning models, which are able to capture the nonlinear behavior between the generated magnetic field and the currents applied to the magnet. The trained models can successfully predict the applied current combinations under the circumstances of magnetic field scans, angle scans, and hysteresis loop shift measurements. The validity of the models is further verified, complemented by the comparison of the spin-orbit torque characterization results obtained from the deep-learning-trained vector magnet system with those obtained from a conventional setup comprised of two separated electromagnets. The damping-like spin-orbit torque (DL-SOT) efficiencies (|$\xi_{DL}$|) extracted from the vector magnet and the traditional measurement configuration are consistent, where |$\xi_{DL}$| $\approx$ 0.22 for amorphous W and |$\xi_{DL}$| $\approx$ 0.02 for $\alpha$-W. Our work provides an advanced method to meticulously control a vector magnet and to conveniently perform various spin-orbit torque characterizations.