Effect of Auditory Stimuli on Electroencephalography-based Authentication

TL;DR

This study evaluates how auditory stimuli influence EEG-based biometric authentication, showing that auditory cues can enhance performance and that in-ear stimuli outperform bone conduction, regardless of language.

Contribution

It provides experimental evidence on the impact of auditory stimuli on EEG authentication, highlighting improvements and the effects of stimulus type and language.

Findings

Auditory stimuli improve EEG authentication accuracy by 9.27%.

In-ear auditory stimuli outperform bone-conducting stimuli.

Performance is unaffected by the language of auditory stimuli.

Abstract

Opposed to standard authentication methods based on credentials, biometric-based authentication has lately emerged as a viable paradigm for attaining rapid and secure authentication of users. Among the numerous categories of biometric traits, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based biometrics is recognized as a promising method owing to its unique characteristics. This paper provides an experimental evaluation of the effect of auditory stimuli (AS) on EEG-based biometrics by studying the following features: i) general change in AS-aided EEG-based biometric authentication in comparison with non-AS-aided EEG-based biometric authentication, ii) role of the language of the AS and ii) influence of the conduction method of the AS. Our results show that the presence of an AS can improve authentication performance by 9.27%. Additionally, the performance achieved with an in-ear AS is better than that obtained using a bone-conducting AS. Finally, we verify that performance is independent of the language of the AS. The results of this work provide a step forward towards designing a robust EEG-based authentication system.