Causality constraints on nonlinear supersymmetry

TL;DR

This paper explores causality constraints on gravitino propagation in nonlinear supergravity, linking superluminality bounds to positivity constraints and proposing causal, minimal inflation models.

Contribution

It establishes a connection between superluminality constraints and positivity bounds in low-energy goldstino actions, and proposes causal minimal supergravity inflation models.

Findings

Superluminality constraints relate to positivity bounds via the equivalence theorem.

Causality constraints are stronger when applied to functions of scalar fields beyond the vacuum.

Proposed models maintain minimal spectra and causality across parameter space.

Abstract

It is well-known that gravitino propagation in standard supergravities is free of any causality problems. However, two issues related to gravitino propagation were recently uncovered in specific supergravities with nonlinear supersymmetry. One of them concerns potential acausality/superluminality, whereas the second one arises from the vanishing of the sound speed at specific points during inflation. The former is famously related to positivity constraints on specific EFT operators, derived from dispersion relations on the energy-growing part of scattering amplitudes, and indeed we show that subluminality constraints for the gravitino are related via the equivalence theorem to positivity bounds in low-energy goldstino actions. However, the former are stronger, in the sense that they apply to functions of the scalar fields not only in the ground state, but for any field values such as those scanned by time-dependent solutions, unlike bounds derived from $2\to 2$ scattering amplitudes in the vacuum. We also argue that nontrivial causality constraints arise only in the case where nonlinear supersymmetry in the matter sector is encoded into superfield constraints which do not seem to arise from microscopic two-derivative lagrangians, in particular for the orthogonal constraint used to build minimal models of inflation in supergravity. This allows us to propose simple alternatives which maintain the minimality of the spectra and are causal in all points of the theory parameter space. We also discuss minimal supergravity models of inflation along these lines.