Suppression of electrical breakdown phenomena in liquid TriMethyl Bismuth based ionization detectors

TL;DR

This study investigates how to suppress electrical breakdowns in liquid TriMethyl Bismuth (TMBi) used in ionization detectors, demonstrating that pure argon atmospheres prevent breakdowns at high electric fields.

Contribution

The paper presents experimental evidence that pure argon atmospheres can prevent electrical breakdowns in TMBi at room temperature, enabling stable operation at high electric fields.

Findings

Electrical breakdowns occur in TMBi with oxygen contamination.

Pure argon atmosphere prevents breakdowns up to 20 kV/cm.

Oxygen contamination causes fluctuating currents and decomposition.

Abstract

Organometallic liquids provide good properties for ionization detectors. TriMethyl Bismuth (TMBi) has been proposed as a detector medium with charge and Cherenkov photon readout for Positron Emission Tomography. In this work, we present studies for the handling of TMBi at different electric fields and under different environmental conditions to find applicable configurations for the suppression of electrical breakdowns in TMBi at room temperature. A simple glass cell with two electrodes filled with TMBi was constructed and tested under different operation conditions. Working at the vapour pressure of TMBi at room temperature of about 40 mbar and electric fields of up to 20 kV/cm in presence of a small oxygen contamination we found the formation of a discharge channel in the liquid and a steady increase in the current. Further reduction of pressure by pumping caused the TMBi to boil and a spontaneous combustion. Eliminating the oxygen contamination led the TMBi under the same condition to only decompose. When operating the setup under an argon atmosphere of 1 bar we did not observe breakdowns of the electrical potential up to field strengths of 20 kV/cm. Still, in presence of a small oxygen contamination fluctuating currents in the nA range were observed, but no decomposition or combustion. We conclude from our experiments that TMBi at room temperature in a pure argon atmosphere of 1 bar remains stable against electrical breakdown at least up to electric field strengths of 20 kV/cm, presumably because the formation of gaseous TMBi was prevented.