Searching for multiple populations in star clusters using the China Space Station Telescope

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the China Space Station Telescope's (CSST) potential to detect multiple stellar populations in star clusters, highlighting its advantages over traditional methods and the Hubble Space Telescope.

Contribution

It demonstrates that CSST's UV filters in the Multi-Channel Imager can effectively distinguish different stellar populations in globular clusters, advancing the study of star formation.

Findings

UV CMDs with CSST can identify populations with different element abundances

Traditional CMDs are ineffective for detecting multiple populations in GCs

CSST has the potential to lead future investigations of MPs in star clusters

Abstract

Multiple stellar populations (MPs) in most star clusters older than 2 Gyr, as seen by lots of spectroscopic and photometric studies, have led to a significant challenge to the traditional view of star formation. In this field, space-based instruments, in particular the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), have made a breakthrough as they significantly improved the efficiency of detecting MPs in crowding stellar fields by images. The China Space Station Telescope (CSST) and the HST are sensitive to a similar wavelength interval, but it covers a field of view which is about 5-8 times wider than that of HST. One of its instruments, the Multi-Channel Imager (MCI), will have multiple filters covering a wide wavelength range from NUV to NIR, making the CSST a potentially powerful tool for studying MPs in clusters. In this work, we evaluate the efficiency of the designed filters for the MCI/CSST in revealing MPs in different color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We find that CMDs made with MCI/CSST photometry in appropriate UV filters are powerful tools to disentangle stellar populations with different abundances of He, C, N, O and Mg. On the contrary, the traditional CMDs are blind to multiple populations in globular clusters (GCs). We show that CSST has the potential of being the spearhead instrument for investigating MPs in GCs in the next decades.