Van der Waals five-body size-energy universality

TL;DR

This paper investigates a universal relationship between size and energy in five-body quantum systems, revealing a potential universal size-energy line independent of specific short-range interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a universal size-energy relationship for five-body systems, extending previous two- and three-body universality concepts to more complex quantum clusters.

Findings

Discovered a universal size-energy line for homogeneous pentamers with long-range interactions.

Extended the analysis from halo to classical regimes by increasing interaction strength.

Data aligns with generalized Tjon lines, indicating linear energy relationships among clusters.

Abstract

A universal relationship between scaled size and scaled energy is explored in five-body self-bound quantum systems. The ground-state binding energy and structure properties are obtained by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo method. We use pure estimators to eliminate any residual bias in the estimation of the cluster size. Strengthening the inter-particle interaction, we extend the exploration from the halo region to classical systems. Universal scaled size-scaled energy line, which does not depend on the short-range potential details and binding strength, is found for homogeneous pentamers with interaction potentials decaying at long range predominantly as $r^{-6}$. For mixed pentamers, we discuss under which conditions the universal line can approximately describe the size-energy ratio. Our data is compatible with generalized Tjon lines, which assume a linear dependence between the binding energy of the pentamers and the one of tetramers, when both are divided by the trimer energies.