Influence of homeostatic mechanisms of bacterial growth and division on structural properties of biofilms. A computer simulation study

TL;DR

This study uses computer simulations to investigate how bacterial homeostatic mechanisms like sizer and adder influence biofilm structure, finding their impact is minimal compared to stochastic variability and highlighting the role of growth-diffusion competition.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the limited influence of homeostatic mechanisms on biofilm structure through agent-based modeling of early development stages.

Findings

Homeostatic mechanisms have minimal impact on biofilm geometry.

Stochastic factors dominate cell division variability.

Growth-diffusion competition shapes biofilm structure.

Abstract

Bacterial growth and division generally occur by the process known as binary fission, in which the cells grow polarly until they divide into two daughter cells. Although this process is affected by factors that introduce stochastic variability in both growth rate and daughter cell length, the fact is that the size distribution in bacterial communities, also known as biofilm, remains stable over time. This suggests the existence of homeostatic mechanisms that contribute to maintaining a stable size distribution. Those known as sizer and adder stand out among these mechanisms whose relevance is not entirely determined. In this work, computer simulations using an agent-based model, are used to study the effect of these homeostatic mechanisms on the geometrical and structural properties of the developing biofilm, focusing on the early stages of its development. Also, it was examined the effect of linear or exponential dependence with the time of cellular growth on these properties. From our study, we deduce that these mechanisms do not have a noticeable impact on the properties studied, which could be due to the importance that stochastic factors play in the cell division and growth process. In addition, we discuss how competition between cell growth and diffusion is a key aspect in explaining the structure and geometry of developing bacterial colonies.