Negatively Charged Muonium and Related Centers in Solids
Takashi U. Ito, Wataru Higemoto, and Koichiro Shimomura

TL;DR
This review discusses the identification and characterization of negatively charged muonium centers in solids, emphasizing recent experimental methods and findings in oxides like mayenite and titanates.
Contribution
It summarizes current methodologies and recent research on Mu$^-$ centers in various oxides, highlighting advances in spectroscopic identification.
Findings
Identification techniques for Mu$^-$ centers in solids
Recent discoveries of Mu$^-$ in oxides like mayenite and titanates
Insights into hydrogen impurity modeling in materials
Abstract
Muonium (Mu) centers formed upon implantation of in a solid have long been investigated as an experimentally accessible model of isolated hydrogen impurities. Recent discoveries of hydridic centers formed at oxygen vacancies have stimulated a renewed interest in H and corresponding Mu centers in oxides. However, the two diamagnetic centers, Mu and Mu, are difficult to separate spectroscopically. In this review article, we summarize established and developing methodologies for identifying Mu centers in solids, and review recent Mu studies on said centers supposedly formed in mayenite, oxygen-deficient SrTiO, and BaTiOH oxyhydride.
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