Laser cooling a membrane-in-the-middle system close to the quantum ground state from room temperature

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates laser cooling of a membrane-in-the-middle optomechanical system to near the quantum ground state directly from room temperature, eliminating the need for cryogenic cooling.

Contribution

It introduces a room-temperature laser cooling method for a soft-clamped mechanical resonator using a membrane-in-the-middle setup with combined quantum control techniques.

Findings

Achieved 30 phonons occupancy at room temperature

Reaches quantum cooperativity close to unity at room temperature

Mitigated thermal noise with combined control methods

Abstract

Many protocols in quantum science and technology require initializing a system in a pure quantum state. In the context of the motional state of massive resonators, this enables studying fundamental physics at the elusive quantum-classical transition, and measuring force and acceleration with enhanced sensitivity. Laser cooling has been a method of choice to prepare mechanical resonators in the quantum ground state, one of the simplest pure states. However, in order to overcome the heating and decoherence by the thermal bath, this usually has to be combined with cryogenic cooling. Here, we laser-cool an ultracoherent, soft-clamped mechanical resonator close to the quantum ground state directly from room temperature. To this end, we implement the versatile membrane-in-the-middle setup with one fiber mirror and one phononic crystal mirror, which reaches a quantum cooperativity close to unity already at room temperature. We furthermore introduce a powerful combination of coherent and measurement-based quantum control techniques, which allows us to mitigate thermal intermodulation noise. The lowest occupancy we reach is 30 phonons, limited by measurement imprecision. Doing away with the necessity for cryogenic cooling should further facilitate the spread of optomechanical quantum technologies.