Going off topics to demix quark and gluon jets in $\alpha_S$ extractions

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel method to separate quark and gluon jets using statistical demixing techniques, aiming to improve the precision of the strong coupling constant $oldsymbol{ extalpha_S}$ measurements at the LHC.

Contribution

The study introduces a new approach to demix quark and gluon jet distributions, enhancing the sensitivity of $oldsymbol{ extalpha_S}$ extraction from jet substructure data.

Findings

Demixing improves $oldsymbol{ extalpha_S}$ sensitivity.

Machine learning can enhance demixing performance.

Potential to reduce dominant uncertainties in $oldsymbol{ extalpha_S}$ measurements.

Abstract

Quantum chromodynamics is the theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons; the coupling strength of the interaction, $\alpha_S$, is the least precisely-known of all interactions in nature. An extraction of the strong coupling from the radiation pattern within jets would provide a complementary approach to conventional extractions from jet production rates and hadronic event shapes, and would be a key achievement of jet substructure at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Presently, the relative fraction of quark and gluon jets in a sample is the limiting factor in such extractions, as this fraction is degenerate with the value of $\alpha_S$ for the most well-understood observables. To overcome this limitation, we apply recently proposed techniques to statistically demix multiple mixtures of jets and obtain purified quark and gluon distributions based on an operational definition. We illustrate that studying quark and gluon jet substructure separately can significantly improve the sensitivity of such extractions of the strong coupling. We also discuss how using machine learning techniques or infrared- and collinear-unsafe information can improve the demixing performance without the loss of theoretical control. While theoretical research is required to connect the extract topics with the quark and gluon objects in cross section calculations, our study illustrates the potential of demixing to reduce the dominant uncertainty for the $\alpha_S$ extraction from jet substructure at the LHC.