Slowly cooling white dwarfs in NGC 6752

TL;DR

This study investigates slowly cooling white dwarfs in NGC 6752, finding that a significant fraction evolve at slower rates, supporting the link between this phenomenon and the cluster's horizontal branch morphology.

Contribution

It provides observational evidence of slowly cooling white dwarfs in NGC 6752, extending previous findings from M13 and reinforcing the connection with horizontal branch star evolution.

Findings

Approximately 70% of white dwarfs evolve slower than standard models.

Cooling time delay reaches up to 300 million years.

Similar white dwarf luminosity functions in NGC 6752 and M13.

Abstract

Recently, a new class of white dwarfs (``slowly cooling WDs'') has been identified in the globular cluster M13. The cooling time of these stars is increased by stable thermonuclear hydrogen burning in their residual envelope. These WDs are thought to be originated by horizontal branch (HB) stars populating the HB blue tail, which skipped the asymptotic giant branch phase. To further explore this phenomenon, we took advantage of deep photometric data acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope in the near-ultraviolet and investigate the bright portion of the WD cooling sequence in NGC 6752, another Galactic globular cluster with metallicity, age and HB morphology similar to M13. The normalized WD luminosity function derived in NGC 6752 turns out to be impressively similar to that observed in M13, in agreement with the fact that the stellar mass distribution along the HB of these two systems is almost identical. As in the case of M13, the comparison with theoretical predictions is consistent with $\sim 70\%$ of the investigated WDs evolving at slower rates than standard, purely cooling WDs. Thanks to its relatively short distance from Earth, NGC 6752 photometry reaches a luminosity one order of a magnitude fainter than the case of M13, allowing us to sample a regime where the cooling time delay, with respect to standard WD models, reaches $\sim 300$ Myr. The results presented in this paper provide new evidence for the existence of slowly cooling WDs and further support to the scenario proposing a direct causal connection between this phenomenon and the horizontal branch morphology of the host stellar cluster.