Improvements to Pan-STARRS1 Astrometry: II. Corrections for Differential Chromatic Refraction

TL;DR

This paper enhances Pan-STARRS1 astrometry by utilizing Gaia EDR3 data and correcting for differential chromatic refraction, achieving significant accuracy improvements especially for blue objects and off-zenith observations.

Contribution

It extends previous astrometric corrections by incorporating Gaia EDR3 and iterative DCR correction algorithms, reducing systematic errors to less than 1 mas.

Findings

Gaia EDR3 improves PS1 astrometry by ~3% over Gaia DR2.

DCR corrections add an additional ~5% improvement.

Systematic errors reduced to less than 1 mas for certain color ranges.

Abstract

In a previous paper, we applied the Gaia DR2 catalog to improve the astrometric accuracy of about 1.7 billion objects in Pan-STARRS1 Data Release 2 (PS1 DR2). We report here on further improvements made by utilizing Gaia EDR3 and correcting for the effects of differential chromatic refraction (DCR) in declination. We extend the correction algorithm in Paper 1 by iteratively subtracting color- and declination-dependent PS1/Gaia EDR3 declination residuals. We determine the astrometric improvement for ~440 million reference objects that are point-like and cross-match to Gaia EDR3. For this set of objects, Gaia EDR3 provides a ~3% improvement in PS1 astrometry over Gaia DR2, and DCR corrections provide an additional ~5% improvement. DCR corrections increase substantially for objects observed away from the zenith. DCR corrections lead to an astrometric improvement of ~30% for blue objects (0<g-i<1) that are 50{\deg} away from the zenith. The amplitude of systematic astrometric errors from these effects is substantially reduced to less than 1 mas for objects with PS1 colors in the range 0 < g-i < 4.5, which makes this a useful astrometric reference catalog in fields where there are few Gaia stars. The improved astrometric data will be available through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes PS1 catalog interfaces.