Measuring Gender Bias in Educational Videos: A Case Study on YouTube

TL;DR

This study investigates gender bias in YouTube educational videos, revealing a significant male bias especially in STEM content, and shows that video ranking influences perceived gender bias.

Contribution

It introduces a method to measure gender bias in online educational videos using search bias metrics and rank analysis, focusing on YouTube STEM and NON-STEM queries.

Findings

Significant male bias in YouTube educational videos.

Bias varies between STEM and NON-STEM queries.

Video ranking affects perceived gender bias.

Abstract

Students are increasingly using online materials to learn new subjects or to supplement their learning process in educational institutions. Issues regarding gender bias have been raised in the context of formal education and some measures have been proposed to mitigate them. However, online educational materials in terms of possible gender bias and stereotypes which may appear in different forms are yet to be investigated in the context of search bias in a widely-used search platform. As a first step towards measuring possible gender bias in online platforms, we have investigated YouTube educational videos in terms of the perceived gender of their narrators. We adopted bias measures for ranked search results to evaluate educational videos returned by YouTube in response to queries related to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and NON-STEM fields of education. Gender is a research area by itself in social sciences which is beyond the scope of this work. In this respect, for annotating the perceived gender of the narrator of an instructional video we used only a crude classification of gender into Male, and Female. Then, for analysing perceived gender bias we utilised bias measures that have been inspired by search platforms and further incorporated rank information into our analysis. Our preliminary results demonstrate that there is a significant bias towards the male gender on the returned YouTube educational videos, and the degree of bias varies when we compare STEM and NON-STEM queries. Finally, there is a strong evidence that rank information might affect the results.