Data-driven model for divertor plasma detachment prediction

TL;DR

This paper introduces a fast, accurate data-driven surrogate model for divertor plasma detachment prediction using neural networks, significantly speeding up simulations while capturing essential physics for tokamak design and control.

Contribution

The study develops a novel neural network-based surrogate model that predicts plasma detachment with high accuracy and speed, incorporating physics-based data and latent space representation.

Findings

Surrogate model achieves within a few percent error compared to UEDGE simulations.

Model provides at least four orders of magnitude speed-up in predictions.

Capable of predicting detachment front and capturing key physics.

Abstract

We present a fast and accurate data-driven surrogate model for divertor plasma detachment prediction leveraging the latent feature space concept in machine learning research. Our approach involves constructing and training two neural networks. An autoencoder that finds a proper latent space representation (LSR) of plasma state by compressing the multi-modal diagnostic measurements, and a forward model using multi-layer perception (MLP) that projects a set of plasma control parameters to its corresponding LSR. By combining the forward model and the decoder network from autoencoder, this new data-driven surrogate model is able to predict a consistent set of diagnostic measurements based on a few plasma control parameters. In order to ensure that the crucial detachment physics is correctly captured, highly efficient 1D UEDGE model is used to generate training and validation data in this study. Benchmark between the data-driven surrogate model and UEDGE simulations shows that our surrogate model is capable to provide accurate detachment prediction (usually within a few percent relative error margin) but with at least four orders of magnitude speed-up, indicating that performance-wise, it has the potential to facilitate integrated tokamak design and plasma control. Comparing to the widely used two-point model and/or two-point model formatting, the new data-driven model features additional detachment front prediction and can be easily extended to incorporate richer physics. This study demonstrates that the complicated divertor and scrape-off-layer plasma state has a low-dimensional representation in latent space. Understanding plasma dynamics in latent space and utilizing this knowledge could open a new path for plasma control in magnetic fusion energy research.