Square wave generation in vertical external-cavity Kerr-Gires-Tournois interferometers

TL;DR

This paper theoretically investigates the formation of square waves in Kerr-Gires-Tournois interferometers with anti-resonant injection, revealing mechanisms, conditions, and complex multistable solutions including localized structures.

Contribution

It provides analytical approximations and uncovers the homoclinic snaking scenario leading to multistable square wave solutions in the system.

Findings

Square waves form via homoclinic snaking.

Multistable solutions include localized structures.

Conditions for square wave emergence are analytically approximated.

Abstract

We study theoretically the mechanisms of square-wave (SW) formation in vertical external-cavity Kerr-Gires-Tournois interferometers in presence of anti-resonant injection. We provide simple analytical approximations for their plateau intensities and for the conditions of their emergence. We demonstrate that SWs may appear via a homoclinic snaking scenario, leading to the formation of complex-shaped multistable SW solutions. The resulting SWs can host localized structures and robust bound-states.