Cold Gas Reservoirs of Low- and High-mass Central Galaxies Differ in Response to Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback

TL;DR

This study reveals that AGN feedback causes significant depletion of cold gas in low-mass galaxies, but has a weaker effect in high-mass galaxies, indicating different galaxy evolution processes based on mass.

Contribution

It provides observational evidence of how AGN feedback impacts cold gas reservoirs differently in low- and high-mass galaxies, highlighting mass-dependent galaxy evolution.

Findings

Significant neutral hydrogen depletion in low-mass AGN host galaxies.

Stronger AGN feedback effects correlate with higher star formation and luminosity.

Weaker feedback effects observed in more massive galaxies.

Abstract

The growth of supermassive black holes, especially the associated state of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), is generally believed to be the key step in regulating star formation in massive galaxies. As the fuel of star formation, the cold gas reservoir is a direct probe of the effect of AGN feedback on their host galaxies. However, in observation, no clear connection has been found between AGN activity and the cold gas mass. In this paper, we find observational signals of significant depletion of the total neutral hydrogen gas reservoir in optically-selected type-2 AGN host central galaxies of stellar mass $10^{9}$--$10^{10}M_\odot$. The effect of AGN feedback on the cold gas reservoir is stronger for higher star formation rates and higher AGN luminosity. But it becomes much weaker above this mass range, consistent with previous findings focusing on massive galaxies. Our result suggests that low-mass and gas-rich AGN host central galaxies would first form dense cores before AGN feedback is triggered, removing their neutral hydrogen gas. More massive central galaxies may undergo a significantly different formation scenario by gradually building up dense cores with less effective and recurrent AGN feedback.