Detailed abundances of the wide pairs of stars with and without planets: the binary systems 16 Cyg and HD 219542

TL;DR

This study compares the chemical compositions of wide binary star systems 16 Cyg and HD 219542, analyzing elemental abundances to understand the impact of planet formation on stellar atmospheres.

Contribution

It provides detailed elemental abundance measurements for both systems, highlighting subtle differences and their implications for planet formation effects.

Findings

Small abundance differences between binary components suggest minimal impact of planet formation.

16 Cyg shows a unique chemical pattern compared to HD 219542 and solar analogues.

Chemical trends with dust condensation temperature vary between the two systems.

Abstract

We present results of the comparative analysis of the two wide binary systems -- 16 Cyg, with a giant gas planet orbiting around 16 Cyg B, and HD 219542 without planet detected. Atmospheric parameters of the binary components and the Sun were determined using their high-resolution spectra and the SME tools for automatic spectral analysis. By applying the synthetic spectrum method, we derived abundances of 29 and 23 chemical elements in 16 Cyg and HD 219542, respectively. For 19 of these elements, our results are based on the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line formation. For both 16 Cyg and HD 219542, we obtained a small abundance difference between the A and B components: +0.019$\pm$0.012 and -0.014$\pm$0.019, respectively, suggesting only a weak influence of the giant gas planet formation on chemical composition of the host star atmosphere. For HD 219542 A and B, trends of the relative-to-solar abundances with the dust condensation temperature are similar to the literature data for the solar analogues without detected planets. The components of 16 Cyg reveal very similar behaviour of [X/H] with the condensation temperature, however, it is different from that for HD 219542. This indicates a specific chemical composition of the cloud from which the 16 Cyg binary system formed.