Unusual gas structure in an otherwise normal spiral galaxy hosting GRB 171205A / SN 2017iuk

TL;DR

This study reveals unusual atomic hydrogen structure and kinematics in the host galaxy of GRB 171205A/SN 2017iuk, suggesting a recent satellite passage as the cause, which may have influenced the GRB progenitor's environment.

Contribution

The paper provides the first detailed HI 21cm emission analysis of this galaxy, identifying a unique HI morphology and proposing a novel explanation involving satellite interaction.

Findings

Unusual HI morphology with extended regions towards the South.

Kinematics inconsistent with a classical rotating disk.

Satellite passage likely caused HI redistribution and influenced GRB progenitor conditions.

Abstract

We study the structure of atomic hydrogen (HI) in the host galaxy of GRB 171205A / SN 2017iuk at z=0.037 through HI 21cm emission line observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. These observations reveal unusual morphology and kinematics of the HI in this otherwise apparently normal galaxy. High column density, cold HI is absent from an extended North-South region passing by the optical centre of the galaxy, but instead is extended towards the South, on both sides of the galaxy. Moreover, the HI kinematics do not show a continuous change along the major axis of the galaxy as expected in a classical rotating disk. We explore several scenarios to explain the HI structure and kinematics in the galaxy: feedback from a central starburst and/or an active galactic nucleus, ram pressure stripping, accretion, and tidal interaction from a companion galaxy. All of these options are ruled out. The most viable remaining explanation is the penetrating passage of a satellite through the disk only a few Myr ago, redistributing the HI in the GRB host without yet affecting its stellar distribution. It can also lead to the rapid formation of peculiar stars due to a violent induced shock. The location of GRB 171205A in the vicinity of the distorted area suggests that its progenitor star(s) originated in extreme conditions that share the same origin as the peculiarities in HI. This could explain the atypical location of GRB 171205A in its host galaxy.