Probing non-standard neutrino interactions with a light boson from next galactic and diffuse supernova neutrinos

TL;DR

This paper explores how future supernova neutrino observations can significantly improve constraints on non-standard neutrino interactions mediated by a light boson, using data from upcoming detectors and diffuse background measurements.

Contribution

It demonstrates that next-generation neutrino detectors can substantially tighten bounds on flavor-universal non-standard neutrino couplings to a light boson, surpassing previous limits from SN 1987A.

Findings

Future SN neutrino observations can improve bounds by several orders of magnitude.

Diffuse neutrino background measurements can probe couplings beyond SN 1987A constraints.

Uncertainties in DSNB estimation affect the precision of these bounds.

Abstract

Non-standard neutrino interactions with a massive boson can produce the bosons in the core of core-collapse supernovae (SNe). After the emission of the bosons from the SN core, their subsequent decays into neutrinos can modify the SN neutrino flux. We show future observations of neutrinos from a next galactic SN in Super-Kamiokande (SK) and Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) can probe flavor-universal non-standard neutrino couplings to a light boson, improving the previous limit from the SN 1987A neutrino burst by several orders of magnitude. We also discuss sensitivity of the flavor-universal non-standard neutrino interactions in future observations of diffuse neutrinos from all the past SNe, known as the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). According to our analysis, observations of the DSNB in HK, JUNO and DUNE experiments can probe such couplings by a factor of $\sim 2$ beyond the SN 1987A constraint. However, our result is also subject to a large uncertainty concerning the precise estimation of the DSNB.