A facile approach for phase change material encapsulation into polymeric flexible fibers using microfluidic principles

TL;DR

This paper presents a simple, scalable microfluidic-inspired method to produce PCM-encapsulating polymer fibers with high retention and anti-leakage properties, suitable for sustainable energy applications.

Contribution

It introduces a straightforward device design for producing PCM-filled PVDF fibers with high PCM content and excellent durability over multiple melting cycles.

Findings

PCM content in fibers ranges from 32-47.5%

Fibers retain 96.5% of PCM after 1000 cycles

PCM is distributed as slugs along the fibers

Abstract

It is widely agreed that phase change materials (PCMs) are of high interest for sustainable energy future. Many of the applications require anti-leakage properties of PCM, that can be accomplished through PCM encapsulation. In this study, scalable and considerably simplified approach based on the microfluidics principles was successfully designed for polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow- and for leakage-free paraffin-core/PVDF-sheath fibers production. The required device can be as simple as syringe+tube+glass capillary. The fibers were created by PVDF/N,NDimethylformamide (DMF) solution and PVDF/DMF/paraffin emulsion injection in water followed by solvent extraction process. The proposed approach results in a hollow PVDF or PVDF/paraffin composite fibers with the PCM content between 32-47.5% according to DSC and TGA measurements. SEM study of the fibers morphology has shown that PCM is in the form of slugs along the fibers. Such PCM distribution is maintained until the first melting cycle. Later, molten PCM spreads within the fiber under capillary forces that was captured by infrared camera. Elastic modules and stress vs. strain were measured to characterise mechanical properties of designed fibers. Finally, the composite fibers have shown outstanding retention capacity with only 3.5% of PCM mass loose after 1000 melting/crystallisation cycles.