Meromorphic Functions with a Polar Asymptotic Value

TL;DR

This paper explores a new family of meromorphic functions with a polar asymptotic value, revealing complex dynamics that interpolate between exponential and tangent families, enhancing understanding of parameter spaces in transcendental complex dynamics.

Contribution

Introduces a novel family of meromorphic functions with a polar asymptotic value, bridging behaviors of exponential and tangent families in complex dynamics.

Findings

Dynamic and parameter planes show interplay between exponential and tangent family behaviors.

The family exhibits phenomena like Cantor bouquets and hyperbolic components.

Parameter space analysis reveals delicate dynamical structures.

Abstract

This paper is part of a general program in complex dynamics to understand parameter spaces of transcendental maps with finitely many singular values. The simplest families of such functions have two asymptotic values and no critical values. These families, up to affine conjugation, depend on two complex parameters. Understanding their parameter spaces is key to understanding families with more asymptotic values, just as understanding quadratic polynomials was for rational maps more generally. The first such families studied were the one-dimensional slices of the exponential family, $\exp(z) + a$, and the tangent family $\lambda \tan z$. The exponential case exhibited phenomena not seen for rational maps: Cantor bouquets in both the dynamic and parameter spaces, and no bounded hyperbolic components. The tangent case, with its two finite asymptotic values $\pm \lambda i$, is closer to the rational case, a kind of infinite degree version of the latter. In this paper, we consider a general family that interpolates between $\exp(z) + a$ and $\lambda \tan z$. Our new family has two asymptotic values and a one-dimensional slice for which one of the asymptotic values is constrained to be pole, the "polar asymptotic value" of the title. We show how the dynamic and parameter planes for this slice exhibit behavior that is a surprisingly delicate interplay between that of the $\exp(z) + a$ and $\lambda \tan z$ families.