Optimization for Infrastructure Cyber-Physical Systems

TL;DR

This paper discusses the challenges and current techniques for optimizing large-scale, heterogeneous infrastructure cyber-physical systems like power grids and water networks, emphasizing control optimization and future research directions.

Contribution

It provides an overview of control optimization scope, reviews existing techniques, and shares a research position on future challenges for infrastructure CPS.

Findings

Infrastructure CPS are complex with large scale and heterogeneity.

Distributed control optimization improves system-wide performance.

Future challenges include handling dynamic conditions and system complexity.

Abstract

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are systems where a decision making (cyber/control) component is tightly integrated with a physical system (with sensing/actuation) to enable real-time monitoring and control. Recently, there has been significant research effort in viewing and optimizing physical infrastructure in built environments as CPS, even if the control action is not in real-time. Some examples of infrastructure CPS include electrical power grids; water distribution networks; transportation and logistics networks; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) in buildings; etc. Complexity arises in infrastructure CPS from the large scale of operations; heterogeneity of system components; dynamic and uncertain operating conditions; and goal-driven decision making and control with time-bounded task completion guarantees. For control optimization, an infrastructure CPS is typically viewed as a system of semi-autonomous sub-systems with a network of sensors and uses distributed control optimization to achieve system-wide objectives that are typically measured and quantified by better, cheaper, or faster system performance. In this article, we first illustrate the scope for control optimization in common infrastructure CPS. Next, we present a brief overview of current optimization techniques. Finally, we share our research position with a description of specific optimization approaches and their challenges for infrastructure CPS of the future.