Unshielded portable optically pumped magnetometer for the remote detection of conductive objects using eddy current measurements

TL;DR

This paper presents a portable unshielded RF optically pumped magnetometer capable of detecting small conductive objects and eddy currents at a distance, demonstrating high sensitivity and potential for remote sensing applications.

Contribution

Developed a portable unshielded RF optically pumped magnetometer with record sensitivity, enabling remote detection of small conductive objects via eddy currents.

Findings

Detected aluminium disks as small as 1.5 cm diameter at 25 cm distance.

Achieved sensitivity of 2-6 pT/√Hz for eddy current detection.

Successfully detected and analyzed moving aluminium disks remotely.

Abstract

Electrically conductive objects can be detected using the principle of electromagnetic induction where a primary oscillating magnetic field induces eddy currents in the object, which in turn produce a secondary magnetic field that can be measured with a magnetometer. We have developed a portable radio-frequency optically pumped magnetometer (RF OPM) working in unshielded conditions with sub-pT/sqrt(Hz) magnetic field sensitivity when used for the detection of small oscillating magnetic fields, setting a new benchmark for the sensitivity of a portable RF OPM in unshielded conditions. Using this OPM, we have detected the induced magnetic field from aluminium disks with diameters as small as 1.5 cm and with the disks being ~25 cm from both the excitation coil and the magnetometer. When used for eddy current detection, our magnetometer achieves a sensitivity of a 2-6 pT/sqrt(Hz). We have also detected a moving aluminium disk using our RF OPM and analysed the magnetometer signals which depend on the position of the disk, illustrating the potential of high sensitivity RF OPMs for remote sensing applications.