Dimensional crossover in self-organised super-radiant phases of ultra cold atoms inside a cavity

TL;DR

This paper explores how varying the angles of two pumps in a cavity-atom system induces a smooth transition from 1D to 2D quantum optical lattices, analyzing the resulting atomic density profiles and their theoretical modeling.

Contribution

It introduces a method to control the dimensionality of quantum optical lattices via pump angles and provides a detailed analysis of the resulting atomic structures.

Findings

Smooth 1D to 2D transition in optical lattice configuration

Atomic density profiles depend on pump angles

Qualitative understanding via Extended Bose-Hubbard model

Abstract

We consider a condensate of ultra cold bosonic atoms in a linear optical cavity illuminated by a two-pump configuration where each pump is making different angles with the direction of the cavity axis. We show such configuration allows a smooth transition from a one-dimensional quantum optical lattice configuration to a two-dimensional quantum optical lattice configuration induced by the cavity-atom interaction. Using a Holstein-Primakoff transformation, we find out the atomic density profile of such self-organised ground state in the super-radiant phase as a function of the angular orientations of the pump in such dynamical quantum optical lattice, and, also provide an analysis of their structures in coordinate and momentum space. In the later part of the paper, we show how the corresponding results can also be qualitatively understood in terms of an Extended Bose-Hubbard model in such quantum optical lattice potential.