Toward matter dynamics in spin foam quantum gravity

TL;DR

This paper explores how a scalar field interacts with a semi-classical spin foam quantum gravity model, revealing regimes where matter behaves as if on a fixed lattice despite quantum geometric fluctuations.

Contribution

It introduces a method to couple scalar matter to a spin foam model and analyzes the matter's behavior in a semi-classical quantum gravity setting.

Findings

Scalar field exhibits an emergent lattice spacing dependent on mass.

In certain regimes, matter behaves as if on a fixed regular lattice.

The model shows the scalar field is insensitive to quantum geometric fluctuations.

Abstract

Any approach to pure quantum gravity must eventually face the question of coupling quantum matter to the theory. In the past, several ways of coupling matter to spin foam quantum gravity have been proposed, but the dynamics of the coupled matter-gravity system is challenging to explore. To take first steps towards uncovering the influence quantum matter has on spin foam models, we couple free, massive scalar lattice field theory to a restricted, semi-classical 4d spin foam model, called quantum cuboids. This model can be understood as a superposition of hypercuboidal (and thus irregular) lattices. Both theories are coupled by defining scalar lattice field theory on irregular lattices via discrete exterior calculus and then superimposing these theories by summing over spin foam configurations. We compute expectation values of geometric and matter observables using Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. From the observables, we identify a regime in parameter space, in which the spin foam possesses a finite total volume and looks on average like a regular lattice with an emergent lattice spacing dependent on the mass of the scalar field. We also measure the 2-point correlation function and correlation length of the scalar field in relation to the geodesic distance encoded in the spin foam. Our results are consistent with the correlation function of ordinary scalar lattice field theory defined on a fixed regular lattice with the emergent lattice spacing and the same mass. We conclude that in this regime of the model, the scalar field is not sensitive to the fluctuations of the spin foam and effectively behaves as if it is defined on a fixed regular lattice.