Zero-Added-Loss Entangled Photon Multiplexing for Ground- and Space-Based Quantum Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces a zero-added-loss multiplexing scheme for entangled photon distribution in quantum networks, enhancing long-distance satellite and ground-based quantum communication with high efficiency and fidelity.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel ZALM Bell pair source that reduces losses and improves entanglement rates for satellite-ground quantum networks, enabling scalable global quantum communication.

Findings

Achieves >10 ebits/sec at 100+ km ground distance

Fidelity of Bell states exceeds 99%

Enhances entanglement distribution efficiency via satellite links

Abstract

We propose a scheme for optical entanglement distribution in quantum networks based on a quasi-deterministic entangled photon pair source. By combining heralded photonic Bell pair generation with spectral mode conversion to interface with quantum memories, the scheme eliminates switching losses due to multiplexing. We analyze this `zero-added-loss multiplexing' (ZALM) Bell pair source for the particularly challenging problem of long-baseline entanglement distribution via satellites and ground-based memories, where it unlocks additional advantages: (i) the substantially higher channel efficiency $\eta$ of \textit{downlinks} vs.\ \textit{uplinks} with realistic adaptive optics, and (ii) photon loss occurring \textit{before} interaction with the quantum memory -- i.e., Alice and Bob receiving rather than transmitting -- improve entanglement generation rate scaling by $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{\eta})$. Based on numerical analyses, we estimate our protocol to achieve $>$10$~$ebits/s at memory multiplexing of $10^2$ spin qubits for ground distance $>$10$^2~$km, with the spin-spin Bell state fidelity exceeding 99$\%$. Our architecture presents a blueprint for realizing global-scale quantum networks in the near-term.