Gradient-preserving hyper-reduction of nonlinear dynamical systems via discrete empirical interpolation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a gradient-preserving hyper-reduction method for nonlinear dynamical systems, especially Hamiltonian systems, using a novel discrete empirical interpolation approach that maintains physical invariants and improves computational efficiency.

Contribution

The paper presents a new hyper-reduction technique that preserves gradient structure in nonlinear systems, ensuring physical invariants are maintained while reducing computational complexity.

Findings

Retains gradient structure in hyper-reduced models

Achieves computational complexity independent of full model size

Demonstrates speedups and applicability through numerical tests

Abstract

This work proposes a hyper-reduction method for nonlinear parametric dynamical systems characterized by gradient fields such as Hamiltonian systems and gradient flows. The gradient structure is associated with conservation of invariants or with dissipation and hence plays a crucial role in the description of the physical properties of the system. Traditional hyper-reduction of nonlinear gradient fields yields efficient approximations that, however, lack the gradient structure. We focus on Hamiltonian gradients and we propose to first decompose the nonlinear part of the Hamiltonian, mapped into a suitable reduced space, into the sum of d terms, each characterized by a sparse dependence on the system state. Then, the hyper-reduced approximation is obtained via discrete empirical interpolation (DEIM) of the Jacobian of the derived d-valued nonlinear function. The resulting hyper-reduced model retains the gradient structure and its computationally complexity is independent of the size of the full model. Moreover, a priori error estimates show that the hyper-reduced model converges to the reduced model and the Hamiltonian is asymptotically preserved. Whenever the nonlinear Hamiltonian gradient is not globally reducible, i.e. its evolution requires high-dimensional DEIM approximation spaces, an adaptive strategy is performed. This consists in updating the hyper-reduced Hamiltonian via a low-rank correction of the DEIM basis. Numerical tests demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach to general nonlinear operators and runtime speedups compared to the full and the reduced models.