The Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment: from photon indistinguishability to continuous variables quantum computing

TL;DR

This paper offers a phase-space perspective on the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment, exploring its applications in measuring quantum continuous variables like time and frequency, and implementing quantum gates.

Contribution

It introduces a novel phase-space analysis of the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment, connecting it to quantum continuous variables and quantum information processing.

Findings

Analysis of time-frequency variables as quantum continuous variables

Method to measure the time-frequency Wigner function directly

Implementation of logical gates in continuous variables

Abstract

We extensively discuss the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment taking an original phase-space-based perspective. For this, we analyze time and frequency variables as quantum continuous variables in perfect analogy with position and momentum of massive particles or with the electromagnetic field's quadratures. We discuss how this experiment can be used to directly measure the time-frequency Wigner function and implement logical gates in these variables. We also briefly discuss the quantum/classical aspects of this experiment providing a general expression for intensity correlations that explicit the differences between a classical Hong-Ou-Mandel like dip and a quantum one. Throughout the manuscript, we will often focus and refer to a particular system based on AlGaAs waveguides emitting photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion, but our results can be extended to other analogous experimental systems and to different degrees of freedom.