Pulsed laser ablation in liquid of sp-carbon chains: status and recent advances

TL;DR

This review summarizes recent advances in pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) for synthesizing and stabilizing sp-carbon chains, highlighting mechanisms, parameters, and encapsulation techniques to improve their properties.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the current status, mechanisms, and recent progress in stabilizing sp-carbon chains synthesized by PLAL, filling a gap in existing literature.

Findings

PLAL allows control over sp-carbon chains' properties.

Laser fluence, solvent, and target influence synthesis outcomes.

Encapsulation in polymers enhances stability of sp-carbon chains.

Abstract

This review provides a discussion of the current state of research on sp-carbon chains synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid. In recent years, pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) has been widely employed for polyynes synthesis thanks to its flexibility with varying laser parameters, solvents, and targets. This allows the control of sp-carbon chains properties as yield, length, termination and stability. Although many reviews related to PLAL have been published, a comprehensive work reporting the current status and advances related to the synthesis of sp-carbon chains by PLAL is still missing. Here we first review the principle of PLAL and the mechanisms of formation of sp-carbon chains. Then we discuss the role of laser fluence (i.e. energy density), solvent, and target for sp-carbon chains synthesis. Lastly, we report the progress related to the prolonged stability of sp-carbon chains by PLAL encapsulated in polymeric matrices. This review will be a helpful guide for researchers interested in synthesizing sp-carbon chains by PLAL.