Finite field models of Raleigh-Akiyama polynomials for Hecke groups

TL;DR

This paper explores finite field models of Raleigh-Akiyama polynomials associated with Hecke groups, proposing conjectures for their polynomial representations over finite fields based on numerical evidence.

Contribution

It introduces models of Raleigh-Akiyama polynomials over finite fields and formulates conjectures for their explicit forms in certain cases.

Findings

Conjectured explicit forms of polynomial models for specific families of n and p.

Numerical experiments support the proposed models.

New insights into the structure of modular forms for Hecke groups.

Abstract

Following work of Raleigh and Akiyama (\cite{raleigh1962fourier, akiyama1992note}), in \cite{interpolating} we considered (among other objects) families of weight zero meromorphic modular forms $J_m$ for Hecke groups $G(\lambda_m)$. We conjectured in \cite{interpolating} that, for a certain uniformizing variable $X_m$, the $J_m$ have Fourier expansions $J_m = 1/X_m + \sum_{n = 0}^{\infty} A_n(m) X_m^n$, where the $A_n(x)$ are polynomials in $\mathbb{Q}[x]$. The present article is concerned with models $\mathcal{A}_n[p](x)$ of the $A_n(x)$: polynomials representing self-maps of finite fields with characteristic $p$. The main content is a conjecture specifying $\mathcal{A}_n[p](x)$ up to a multiplicative constant for certain families of $n$ and $p$, based on numerical experiments.