Defining Quantum Games

TL;DR

This paper surveys existing quantum physics-related games, proposes a comprehensive definition based on three dimensions, and discusses their role in education and scientific purposes, aiding in the understanding and development of quantum games.

Contribution

It introduces a new multi-dimensional framework for defining quantum games, integrating principles, technologies, and scientific purposes, which enhances analysis and design.

Findings

Quantum games employ quantum principles, technologies, or scientific aims.

Various digital, analogue, and hybrid quantum games exist.

The three proposed dimensions aid in designing and analyzing quantum games.

Abstract

In this research article, we survey existing quantum physics-related games and, based on this survey, propose a definition for the concept of quantum games. We define a quantum game as any type of rule-based game that either employs the principles of quantum physics or references quantum phenomena or the theory of quantum physics through any of three proposed dimensions: the perceivable dimension of quantum physics, the dimension of quantum technologies, and the dimension of scientific purposes, such as citizen science or education. We also discuss the concept of quantum computer games, which are games on quantum computers, as well as definitions for the concept of science games. Various games explore quantum physics and quantum computing through digital, analogue, and hybrid means, with various incentives driving their development. As interest in games as educational tools for supporting quantum literacy grows, understanding the diverse landscape of quantum games becomes increasingly important. We propose that the three dimensions of quantum games identified in this article be used for designing, analysing, and defining the phenomenon of quantum games.