Quench dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in boxlike traps

TL;DR

This paper explores the nonequilibrium behavior of two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates in boxlike traps with various boundary shapes, revealing how quench parameters influence soliton excitations and resulting vortex structures.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of quench-induced dynamics in BECs within boxlike traps, highlighting the effects of boundary steepness and modulation strength on soliton and vortex formation.

Findings

Ring dark solitons can be excited during quench dynamics.

Five dynamic regimes are identified based on soliton excitation.

Distinct vortex-antivortex structures emerge in concave and convex potentials.

Abstract

We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates in boxlike traps with power-law potential boundaries by quenching the interatomic interactions. For both concave and convex potentials, we show that ring dark solitons can be excited during the quench dynamics. The modulation strength of the quench and the steepness of the boundary are two main factors affecting the evolution of the system. Five dynamic regimes are identified concerning the number of ring dark solitons excited in the condensate. For the situation without ring dark soliton excitations, the condensate undergoes damped radius oscillation. As far as the appearance of ring dark solitons, interesting structures arise from their decay. For the concave potential, the excitation patterns show a nested structure of vortex-antivortex pairs. For the convex potential, on the other hand, the dynamic excitation patterns display richer structures that have multiple transport behaviors.