False vacuum decay in the 1+1 dimensional $\varphi^4$ theory

TL;DR

This paper investigates false vacuum decay in 1+1 dimensional $\

Contribution

It introduces a quantum quench approach to study false vacuum decay in the $\

Findings

Numerical results align with theoretical decay rate predictions.

Decay rate depends on kink mass and latent heat.

Normalisation factor varies with interaction strength.

Abstract

The false vacuum is a metastable state that can occur in quantum field theory, and its decay was first studied semi-classically by Coleman. In this work we consider the 1+1 dimensional $\varphi^4$ theory, which is the simplest model that provides a realisation of this problem. We realise the decay as a quantum quench and study the subsequent evolution using a truncated Hamiltonian approach. In the thin wall limit, the decay rate can be described in terms of the mass of the kink interpolating between the vacua in the degenerate limit, and the energy density difference between the false and true vacuum once the degeneracy is lifted by a symmetry breaking field, a.k.a. the latent heat. We demonstrate that the numerical simulations agree well with the theoretical prediction for several values of the coupling in a range of the value of the latent heat, apart from a normalisation factor which only depends on the interaction strength.