A parameterized approximation algorithm for the Multiple Allocation $k$-Hub Center

TL;DR

This paper introduces a parameterized approximation algorithm for the Multiple Allocation k-Hub Center problem, achieving a (2+ε)-approximation under certain parameters despite the problem's NP-hardness.

Contribution

The authors develop a (2+ε)-approximation algorithm parameterized by treewidth, addressing hardness results and providing practical solutions for complex graph instances.

Findings

NP-hardness of (3-ε)-approximation for planar graphs

Approximation lower bounds even with parameterization

A (2+ε)-approximation algorithm based on treewidth

Abstract

In the Multiple Allocation $k$-Hub Center (MA$k$HC), we are given a connected edge-weighted graph $G$, sets of clients $\mathcal{C}$ and hub locations $\mathcal{H}$, where ${V(G) = \mathcal{C} \cup \mathcal{H}}$, a set of demands $\mathcal{D} \subseteq \mathcal{C}^2$ and a positive integer $k$. A solution is a set of hubs $H \subseteq \mathcal{H}$ of size $k$ such that every demand $(a,b)$ is satisfied by a path starting in $a$, going through some vertex of $H$, and ending in $b$. The objective is to minimize the largest length of a path. We show that finding a $(3-\epsilon)$-approximation is NP-hard already for planar graphs. For arbitrary graphs, the approximation lower bound holds even if we parameterize by $k$ and the value $r$ of an optimal solution. An exact FPT algorithm is also unlikely when the parameter combines $k$ and various graph widths, including pathwidth. To confront these hardness barriers, we give a $(2+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm parameterized by treewidth, and, as a byproduct, for unweighted planar graphs, we give a $(2+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm parameterized by $k$ and $r$. Compared to classical location problems, computing the length of a path depends on non-local decisions. This turns standard dynamic programming algorithms impractical, thus our algorithm approximates this length using only local information. We hope these ideas find application in other problems with similar cost structure.