Current-Controlled Topological Magnetic Transformations in a Nanostructured Kagome Magnet

TL;DR

This study demonstrates room-temperature, current-controlled topological magnetic transformations in a kagome magnet, enabling reversible switching between skyrmions, stripes, and bubbles for potential spintronic applications.

Contribution

It introduces a method to reversibly switch magnetic topological states in a kagome magnet using electrical currents at room temperature, combining experimental and numerical insights.

Findings

Reversible skyrmion-bubble and skyrmion-stripe transformations achieved.

Transformations controlled by nanosecond pulsed current density (~10^{10} A^{-2}).

Spin-transfer torque and Joule heating drive the magnetic state changes.

Abstract

Topological magnetic charge Q is a fundamental parameter that describes the magnetic domains and determines their intriguing electromagnetic properties. The ability to switch Q in a controlled way by electrical methods allows for flexible manipulation of electromagnetic behavior in future spintronic devices. Here we report the room-temperature current-controlled topological magnetic transformations between Q = -1 skyrmions and Q = 0 stripes or type-II bubbles in a kagome crystal Fe$_3$Sn$_2$. We show that the reproducible and reversible skyrmion-bubble and skyrmion-stripe transformations can be achieved by tuning the density of nanosecond pulsed current of the order of ~10$^{10}$ A$^{-2}$. Further numerical simulations suggest that spin-transfer torque combined with Joule thermal heating effects determine the current-induced topological magnetic transformations.