Cosmological piecewise functions to treat the local Hubble tension

TL;DR

This paper introduces new analytical piecewise functions to model the Universe's expansion, aiming to address the local Hubble tension by fitting observational data more effectively.

Contribution

It develops novel analytical solutions for Friedmann equations using special functions and applies them to observational data to mitigate the local Hubble tension.

Findings

New analytical solutions fit observational Hubble data

Potential reduction of local Hubble tension

Enhanced modeling of cosmic expansion

Abstract

The current cosmic time evolution of the Universe is described by the General Relativity theory when a cosmological principle is considered under a flat space time landscape. The set of known as Friedmann equations, contain the principles that lead to the construction of the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. However, the current state-of-art regarding these equations, even if it is a fundamental method, is based in solving analytically the differential equations by considering several forms of matter/energy components or evaluating them in specific cosmic times where two or more components contribute at the same rate. This latter can be carry out through the approach of piecewice solutions, whose reduce the numerical integrals. In this paper we discuss new solutions through special analytical functions and constraint them with an updated compilation of observational Hubble observations in order to deal with the local $H_0$ tension reported.