Probing Left-Right Symmetry via Gravitational Waves from Domain Walls

TL;DR

This paper explores how gravitational wave signals from domain walls formed during left-right symmetry breaking can reveal the symmetry's energy scale, offering a new way to probe beyond collider experiments.

Contribution

It establishes a link between gravitational wave spectra from domain walls and the scale of left-right symmetry breaking, providing a novel observational probe.

Findings

GW spectrum depends on symmetry breaking scale and wall tension

Explicit parity breaking from Planck-scale operators affects GW signals

Future GW detectors can probe symmetry breaking scales complementary to collider searches

Abstract

We study the possibility of probing the scale of left-right symmetry breaking in the context of left-right symmetric models (LRSM). In LRSM, the right handed fermions transform as doublets under a newly introduced $SU(2)_R$ gauge symmetry. This, along with a discrete parity symmetry $\mathcal{P}$ ensuring identical gauge couplings of left and right sectors make the model left-right symmetric, providing a dynamical origin of parity violation in electroweak interactions via spontaneous symmetry breaking. The spontaneous breaking of $\mathcal{P}$ leads to the formation of domain walls in the early universe. These walls, if made unstable by introducing an explicit parity breaking term, generate gravitational waves (GW) with a spectrum characterized by the wall tension or the spontaneous $\mathcal{P}$ breaking scale, and the explicit $\mathcal{P}$ breaking term. Considering explicit $\mathcal{P}$ breaking terms to originate from Planck suppressed operators provides one-to-one correspondence between the scale of left-right symmetry and sensitivities of near future GW experiments. This is not only complementary to collider and low energy probes of TeV scale LRSM but also to GW generated from first order phase transition in LRSM with different spectral shape, peak frequencies as well as symmetry breaking scales.