A mathematical model of Breast cancer (ER+) with excess estrogen: Mixed treatments using Ketogenic diet, endocrine therapy and Immunotherapy

TL;DR

This paper presents a mathematical model of ER+ breast cancer with excess estrogen, integrating treatments like ketogenic diet, immunotherapy, and endocrine therapy to analyze tumor-immune interactions and stability conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel nonlinear differential equation model combining estrogen effects, immune response, diet, and drug interactions, including an inhibition parameter epsilon.

Findings

Model reveals stability conditions for cancer control.

Inhibition effect epsilon influences tumor suppression.

Qualitative analysis provides insights into treatment interactions.

Abstract

Breast Cancer is a major public health problem and the most common diagnosed malignancy in woman. There have been significant developments in clinical approaches and theoretical experimental to understand the interactions of cancer cells dynamics with the immune system, also developments on analytical and computational models to help provide insights into clinical observations for a better understanding of cancer cells, but more are needed, especially at the genetic and molecular levels mathematically. Treatments such as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and gene therapy are the main strategies in the fight against breast cancer. The present study aims at investigating the effects of estrogen derived from recent models, but this time combined with immunotherapy as a way to treat or inhibit the cancer growth by a mathematical model of breast cancer in situ, governed by a simplified model of nonlinear-coupled ordinary differential equations, that combines important interactions between natural cells, tumor cells, immune cells, ketogenic diet in the presence of an anticancer drug. Another contribution was to introduce the inhibition effect epsilon for new results and conclusions, A qualitative study was performed and biological interpretations were included to understand the conditions of stability in a realistic way.