Video Capsule Endoscopy and Ingestible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Sensors, Circuits, Materials, Telemetry, Optics, and Rapid Reading Software
Dylan Miley, Leonardo Bertoncello Machado, Calvin Condo, Albert E., Jergens, Kyoung-Jin Yoon, Santosh Pandey

TL;DR
This review explores recent advances in ingestible capsule systems for gastrointestinal monitoring, highlighting innovations in sensors, materials, telemetry, software, and clinical applications, along with current challenges and future outlook.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive survey of hardware and software technologies, experimental and commercial systems, and recent research in biocompatible materials and energy sources for capsule endoscopy.
Findings
Advanced capsule features like panoramic imaging and closed-loop feedback
Clinical studies demonstrate safety and effectiveness
Emerging materials and energy solutions enhance capsule capabilities
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of the gastrointestinal tract in a safe and comfortable manner is valuable for the diagnosis and therapy of many diseases. Within this realm, our review captures the trends in ingestible capsule systems with a focus on hardware and software technologies used for capsule endoscopy and remote patient monitoring. We introduce the structure and functions of the gastrointestinal tract, and the FDA guidelines for ingestible wireless telemetric medical devices. We survey the advanced features incorporated in ingestible capsule systems, such as microrobotics, closed-loop feedback, physiological sensing, nerve stimulation, sampling and delivery, panoramic imaging with adaptive frame rates, and rapid reading software. Examples of experimental and commercialized capsule systems are presented with descriptions of their sensors, devices, and circuits for gastrointestinal health…
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