Energy Landscape Design Principle for Optimal Energy Harnessing by Catalytic Molecular Machines

TL;DR

This paper introduces a geometrical design principle for cyclic molecular catalysts to optimally harness energy from temperature oscillations, enabling the inversion of spontaneous reactions by optimizing their energy landscapes.

Contribution

It provides a novel, general quadratic objective function based on activation energies for designing catalysts that efficiently convert low to high free energy molecules using temperature oscillations.

Findings

Derived a universal design principle for cyclic catalysts.

The objective function is experimentally accessible.

Guides the search for optimal energy-harvesting catalysts.

Abstract

Under temperature oscillation, cyclic molecular machines such as catalysts and enzymes could harness energy from the oscillatory bath and use it to drive other processes. Using a novel geometrical approach, under fast temperature oscillation, we derive a general design principle for obtaining the optimal catalytic energy landscape that can harness energy from a temperature-oscillatory bath and use it to invert a spontaneous reaction. By driving the reaction against the spontaneous direction, the catalysts convert low free energy product molecules to high free energy reactant molecules. The design principle, derived for arbitrary cyclic catalysts, is expressed as a simple quadratic objective function that only depends on the reaction activation energies, and is independent of the temperature protocol. Since the reaction activation energies are directly accessible by experimental measurements, the objective function can be directly used to guide the search for optimal energy-harvesting catalysts.