A reduced-order, rotation-based model for thin hard-magnetic plates

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel rotation-based reduced-order model for thin hard-magnetic plates, improving accuracy in predicting behavior under magnetic and mechanical loads by reformulating the magnetic potential.

Contribution

The paper develops a new rotation-based magnetic potential and derives a 2D plate model from it, validated by experiments, advancing modeling of hard-magnetic elastomer plates.

Findings

Rotation-based model accurately predicts plate behavior under magnetic fields.

Model shows excellent quantitative agreement with experimental data.

New magnetic potential is crucial for correct behavior prediction.

Abstract

We develop a reduced-order model for thin plates made of hard magnetorheological elastomers (hard-MREs), which are materials composed of hard-magnetic particles embedded in a polymeric matrix. First, we propose a new magnetic potential, as an alternative to an existing torque-based 3D continuum theory of hard-MREs, obtained by reformulating the remnant magnetization of a deformed hard-MRE body. Specifically, the magnetizations in the initial and current configurations are related by the rotation tensor decomposed from the deformation gradient, independently of stretching deformation. This description is motivated by recently reported observations in microscopic homogenization simulations. Then, we derive a 2D plate model through the dimensional reduction of our proposed rotation-based 3D theory. For comparison, we also provide a second plate model derived from the existing 3D theory. Finally, we perform precision experiments to thoroughly evaluate the proposed 3D and 2D models on hard-magnetic plates under various magnetic and mechanical loading conditions. We demonstrate that our rotation-based modification of the magnetic potential is crucial in correctly capturing the behavior of plates subjected to an applied field aligned with the magnetization, and undergoing in-plane stretching. In all the tested cases, our rotation-based 3D and 2D models yield predictions in excellent quantitative agreement with the experiments and can thus serve as predictive tools for the rational design of hard-magnetic plate structures.