Towards the Generation of Synthetic Images of Palm Vein Patterns: A Review

TL;DR

This review paper discusses the current state of palm vein recognition, emphasizing the need for synthetic image generation to address data scarcity, and explores methods for creating realistic vascular structure images for biometric applications.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of palm vein recognition research, reviews synthetic image generation techniques, and proposes a general framework for developing realistic synthetic palm vein datasets.

Findings

Synthetic vein images can supplement real datasets for better recognition models.

Current methods include style transfer and biological network modeling.

Challenges include realism and attribute annotation in synthetic images.

Abstract

With the recent success of computer vision and deep learning, remarkable progress has been achieved on automatic personal recognition using vein biometrics. However, collecting large-scale real-world training data for palm vein recognition has turned out to be challenging, mainly due to the noise and irregular variations included at the time of acquisition. Meanwhile, existing palm vein recognition datasets are usually collected under near-infrared light, lacking detailed annotations on attributes (e.g., pose), so the influences of different attributes on vein recognition have been poorly investigated. Therefore, this paper examines the suitability of synthetic vein images generated to compensate for the urgent lack of publicly available large-scale datasets. Firstly, we present an overview of recent research progress on palm vein recognition, from the basic background knowledge to vein anatomical structure, data acquisition, public database, and quality assessment procedures. Then, we focus on the state-of-the-art methods that have allowed the generation of vascular structures for biometric purposes and the modeling of biological networks with their respective application domains. In addition, we review the existing research on the generation of style transfer and biological nature-based synthetic palm vein image algorithms. Afterward, we formalize a general flowchart for the creation of a synthetic database comparing real palm vein images and generated synthetic samples to obtain some understanding into the development of the realistic vein imaging system. Ultimately, we conclude by discussing the challenges, insights, and future perspectives in generating synthetic palm vein images for further works.