Quantum dialogue based on quantum encryption with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom

TL;DR

This paper introduces a secure quantum dialogue protocol using single photons in polarization and spatial modes, employing quantum encryption and decoy photons to prevent information leakage and achieve high efficiency.

Contribution

It presents a novel quantum dialogue protocol that enhances security against information leakage by combining quantum encryption with decoy photon technology.

Findings

Achieves an information-theoretical efficiency of 40%.

Effectively prevents information leakage during quantum communication.

Utilizes both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom for encoding.

Abstract

In this paper, a novel information leakage resistant quantum dialogue (QD) protocol with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom is proposed, which utilizes quantum encryption technology to overcome the information leakage problem. In the proposed QD protocol, during the transmission process, the single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom used for encoding two communicants' private classical bits are protected by both quantum encryption technology and decoy photon technology. For avoiding the information leakage problem, the initial states of the single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom used for encoding two communicants' private classical bits are shared between two communicants through quantum key encryption and decryption. The information-theoretical efficiency of the proposed QD protocol is as high as 40%.