Gyrohydrodynamics: Relativistic spinful fluid with strong vorticity

TL;DR

This paper introduces gyrohydrodynamics, a relativistic spinful fluid framework accounting for strong vorticity, with detailed constitutive relations involving seventeen transport coefficients, extending previous spin hydrodynamics models.

Contribution

It develops a novel relativistic hydrodynamic theory incorporating quantum spin effects and strong vorticity, generalizing existing models to include leading-order spin density effects.

Findings

Seventeen transport coefficients characterize the gyrohydrodynamics.

The framework captures anisotropic fluid behavior under strong vorticity.

It extends spin hydrodynamics to quantum regimes with dominant spin density.

Abstract

We develop a relativistic (quasi-)hydrodynamic framework, dubbed the gyrohydrodynamics, to describe fluid dynamics of many-body systems with spin under strong vorticity based on entropy-current analysis. This framework generalizes the recently-developed spin hydrodynamics to the regime where the spin density is at the leading order in derivatives but suppressed by another small parameter, the Planck constant $\hbar$, due to its quantum nature. Our analysis shows that the complete first-order constitutive relations of gyrohydrodynamics involve seventeen transport coefficients and are highly anisotropic.