Characterization of blowups via time change in a mean-field neural network

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel time change method to analyze blowup phenomena in mean-field neural networks, enabling a better understanding of synchronized spiking events through a linearized framework.

Contribution

It presents a new delayed Poissonian model and a time change transformation that makes analyzing blowups in mean-field neural dynamics analytically tractable.

Findings

Blowups can be characterized via a deterministic time change.

The time change transforms nonlinear dynamics into a linear framework.

The approach allows for self-consistent determination of synchronized neuron fractions.

Abstract

Idealized networks of integrate-and-fire neurons with impulse-like interactions obey McKean-Vlasov diffusion equations in the mean-field limit. These equations are prone to blowups: for a strong enough interaction coupling, the mean-field rate of interaction diverges in finite time with a finite fraction of neurons spiking simultaneously, thereby marking a macroscopic synchronous event. Characterizing these blowup singularities analytically is the key to understanding the emergence and persistence of spiking synchrony in mean-field neural models. However, such a resolution is hindered by the first-passage nature of the mean-field interaction in classically considered dynamics. Here, we introduce a delayed Poissonian variation of the classical integrate-and-fire dynamics for which blowups are analytically well defined in the mean-field limit. Albeit fundamentally nonlinear, we show that this delayed Poissonian dynamics can be transformed into a noninteracting linear dynamics via a deterministic time change. We specify this time change as the solution of a nonlinear, delayed integral equation via renewal analysis of first-passage problems. This formulation also reveals that the fraction of simultaneously spiking neurons can be determined via a self-consistent, probability-conservation principle about the time-changed linear dynamics. We utilize the proposed framework in a companion paper to show analytically the existence of singular mean-field dynamics with sustained synchrony for large enough interaction coupling.