Multi-party quantum private comparison based on entanglement swapping of Bell entangled states within d-level quantum system

TL;DR

This paper proposes a multi-party quantum private comparison scheme using entanglement swapping of Bell states in d-level systems, which enhances security and resource efficiency without prior key sharing.

Contribution

It introduces a novel MQPC scheme based on entanglement swapping in d-level systems, improving resource use and security over previous methods.

Findings

Secure against outside and participant attacks

Does not require prior quantum key distribution among users

More efficient in quantum resource and measurement

Abstract

In this paper, a multi-party quantum private comparison (MQPC) scheme is suggested based on entanglement swapping of Bell entangled states within d-level quantum system, which can accomplish the equality comparison of secret binary sequences from n users via one execution of scheme. Detailed security analysis shows that both the outside attack and the participant attack are ineffective. The suggested scheme needn't establish a private key among n users beforehand through the quantum key distribution (QKD) method to encrypt the secret binary sequences. Compared with previous MQPC scheme based on d-level Cat states and d-level Bell entangled states, the suggested scheme has distinct advantages on quantum resource, quantum measurement of third party (TP) and qubit efficiency.